LIPNO

LIPNO, town in Warsaw district. Jews are first mentioned in Lipno in 1677. In 1736 the community paid a poll tax of 150 zlotys. In 1808 there were 777 Jews (85% of the total population) in the town. Between 1824 and 1864 the authorities compelled the Jews to reside in a separate quarter. The Jewish population numbered 892 in 1827, increasing to 1,558 (40%) in 1857, and 2,079 (36%) in 1897. At that time more than 50% of the town's commerce was in Jewish hands. In 1921 there were 2,443 Jews (29%) in the town itself and 4,795 (5.2%) in the district. There were 102 Jewish industrial enterprises. (Encyclopaedia Judaica (Germany) -Holocaust Period During World War II, Lipno belonged to Reichsgau Danzig-Westpreussen, included in the Reich by Hitler's decree of Oct. 26, 1939. Before the war, Lipno had about 1,300 Jews. When the war broke out many Jews fled to the east, mainly to the western towns of the General Government. The Warsaw   ghetto in August 1940 had about 300 Jewish refugees from Lipno. By the end of December 1939, the town was declared judenrein . (Danuta Dombrowska) -BIBLIOGRAPHY: Warsaw, Archiwum Akt Dawnych, Akty Komisji rządowej do spraw wewnętrznych, no. 107; E. Heller, Żydowskie przedsiębiorstwa przemysłowe w Polsce…, 1 (1922); B. Wasiutyński, Ludność żydowska w Polsce… (1930), 23; I. Schiper, Dzieje handlu żydowskiego na ziemiach polskich (1937), index.